Since pyrrolopyrimidine dithiolanes and both displayed

Since pyrrolopyrimidine dithiolanes and both displayed particularly excellent levels of ACK1 inhibition, these analogs were viewed as potential candidates for further investigation in tumor xenograft experiments. While in vitro metabolic studies indicated that pyrrolidine was predicted to be significantly more stable in rat hepatocytes relative to dimethylamine , unfortunately both and displayed high iv clearances in Sprague–Dawley rats (). Subsequent in vitro rat liver S9 metabolite identification studies of indicated that extensive oxidation of both the dithiolane ring and the dimethylamino group occurred. In terms of kinase selectivity, Bcl Family Set I was reasonably selective (=0.3nM) for ACK1 relative to the following related kinases: LCK (=138nM), JAK3 (=6.5nM), KDR (=380nM), and TIE2 (=200nM). The X-ray co-crystal structure of dithiolane bound to the human ACK1 catalytic kinase domain was obtained at 2.5Å resolution (). Compound is anchored into the ATP-binding site of the ACK1 protein via two key protein-ligand hinge interactions: the pyrrolopyrimidine NH acts as a hydrogen bond donor to the carbonyl oxygen of A208, while the pyrimidine N-1 accepts a hydrogen bond from the backbone amide NH of L207 (shown in purple dashed lines). The rest of the compound makes numerous van der Waals interactions with the protein, including two close van der Waals contacts between the sulfur atoms of the dithiolane moiety and the carbonyl oxygen atoms of D134 and G269 (shown in grey dashed lines). These dithiolane interactions are postulated to account for the high levels of biochemical and cellular inhibition observed for . The structure also shows that the 2-dimethylaminoexthoxy group is exposed to solvent. The formation of indole-type derivatives by the intramolecular palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction has reported. shows our general route used to access the 4-aminopyrrolopyrimidine core structure from 4,6-diamino-5-iodopyrimidine () via intramolecular Heck chemistry. Indeed, the coupling of an appropriately-substituted 2-triethylsilylalkyne and organopalladium complex (generated by an oxidative addition of compound with a palladium (0) species) gives the π-alkyne-σ-organo-palladium (0) complex , which transforms into carbopalladium adduct . Intermediate subsequently forms a nitrogen-containing palladacycle via iodide displacement from the palladium by one of the pendant nitrogen nucleophiles. The palladacycle then converts to the 6-triethylsilyl-4-aminopyrrolopyrimidine product by reductive elimination. This method is highly regioselective to form 5-subsituted-6-(triethylsilyl)-7-pyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidin-4-amine of general structure due to coordination effects in the carbo-palladation step., Our optimized protocol is as follows: 4,6-diamino-5-iodopyrimidine is treated with a triethylsilylalkyne (2.5equiv), sodium carbonate (2.0equiv), LiCl (1equiv) and 10mol% of Pd(dppf)Cl in DMF and then heated at 95°C overnight. The yields of the reaction ranged from good to excellent. Our general route to ACK1 pyrrolopyrimidine inhibitors is shown in . After palladium-catalyzed pyrrolopyrimidine formation as described above, -monoalkylation of the 4-amino group of amine was achieved by stepwise acylation and reduction to give the -alkylated product . Subsequent transformation of the C-6 triethylsilyl group of into the corresponding iodide followed by a Suzuki coupling with an appropriate arylboronic acid provided the pyrrolopyrimidine analogs listed in , , . Many of the furanopyrimidine analogs with alkoxy substituents attached to the 4-position of the 6-phenyl ring that are listed in and were prepared by the sequence shown in . Specifically, condensation of acetophenone with malononitrile afforded furan which was further transformed into furanopyrimidine by exposure to refluxing formic acid. Subsequent chlorination, demethylation and -alkylation with an appropriate amine provided amine , which was then -alkylated with an appropriate alkyl bromide in the presence of cesium carbonate to generate the target molecules. Note that 1,3-dithiolane derivatives – and were generated from 1,1-dimethylacetal intermediate by treatment with either 1,2-ethanedithiol or 1,3-propanedithiol and -toluenesulfonic acid in refluxing toluene ().