• A has been reported to decrease insulin receptors

  2024-12-07

  

  Aβ has been reported to decrease insulin receptors and impair insulin signaling in neurons, preventing phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), downstream of insulin signaling, and to increase phosphorylation of tau protein causing neurofibrillary tangles (Tokutake et al., 20

• The molecular mechanisms that mediate the

  2024-12-07

  

  The molecular mechanisms that mediate the plasticity of the NMJ are not well understood. PGC-1α is a master regulator of the NMJ gene expression program 23, 24, and thus AMPK might indirectly regulate the NMJ via its broad influence on the coactivator. Cerveró et al.[6] recently provided more direct

• In human epidermoid carcinoma A cells lipoxygenase was signi

  2024-12-07

  

  In human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, 12-lipoxygenase was significantly increased in glutathione-depleted cells. The relative abundance of phospholipid hydroperoxide versus glutathione peroxidase seems to play an important role in controlling the lipoxygenase reaction [57]. It has been proposed

• Moreover mice exposed to high cholesterol diet have mildly

  2024-12-07

  

  Moreover, mice exposed to high-cholesterol diet have mildly activated astrocytes, increased expression of ApoE and aquaporin-4 in the hippocampus, and altered levels of proteins associated with Aβ metabolism (Chen et al., 2016), which is related to a higher demand for cholesterol transport and the n

• Since the publication of the guidelines data have continued

  2024-12-07

  

  Since the publication of the 2011 guidelines, data have continued to accumulate indicating that the cognitive decline in AD occurs continuously over a long period [6–8], and that progression of biomarker measures is also a continuous process that begins before symptoms [9–14]. Thus, the disease is n

• Corticosterone induced inhibition of OCT

  2024-12-07

  

  Corticosterone-induced inhibition of OCT-mediated transport is rapid and appears to involve direct interaction of the steroid with the transporter at a specific site. Volk et al. (2003) studied OCT2-mediated transport by measuring substrate-induced currents using patch clamp of Xenopus oocytes exoge

• As we previously observed in the NSFT Fukumoto et al

  2024-12-07

  

  As we previously observed in the NSFT (Fukumoto et al., 2014), the effect of LY341495 in the FST was also inhibited by a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, indicating the role of the 5-HT1A receptor in the actions of LY341495. Among the 5-HT1A receptors, which exist both presynaptically and postsynapticall

• Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of HT in u

  2024-12-07

  

  Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of 5-HT in ureteral contractility, the source of endogenous 5-HT in the ureter is unclear. Since 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells, which are present in the gastrointestinal tract, could not be found in the ureter (Nocito et al., 2007, Ripoche,

• The activation of P Rs modulates the activity

  2024-12-07

  

  The activation of P1Rs modulates the activity of many ion channels and receptors (Sebastião and Ribeiro, 2009) and the recent detection of P1Rs at the postsynaptic level of the adult NMJ (Garcia et al., 2014) makes potentially possible an adenosine-mediated modulation of the nicotinic children's ibu

• Adenosine receptors are proposed to play proangiogenic role

  2024-12-07

  

  Adenosine receptors are proposed to play proangiogenic role in vascular and immune KN-93 within microenvironment of hypoxic tissues to maintain tissue oxygenation in chronic ischemic condition [9]. Adenosine also stimulates the production of angiopoetin-1, VEGF and Interleukin-6 (IL6) via adenosine

• ADA catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosin

  2024-12-07

  

  ADA catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine into their respective inosine nucleoside (Cristalli et al., 2001). This conversion is an initial step in a series of reactions responsible for lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, ADA is considered an indicator of cellu

• V ATPase is a complex enzyme

  2024-12-06

  

  V-ATPase is a complex enzyme that is composed of several subunits, which are assembled into two domains: trans-membrane (V0) and cytosolic (V1) domains [3,5]. Epididymal epithelial Cathepsin K Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit of rats has been reported to contain V-ATPase which is distributed at the

• To clarify the molecular mechanism of maduramicin induced

  2024-12-06

  

  To clarify the molecular mechanism of maduramicin-induced apoptosis in chicken myocardial cells, the mRNA levels of bcl-2, bax, and cytochrome C, as well as the mRNA levels and activities of caspase-3/8/9 were determined. The mRNA expressions and activities of initiator casapase-9 and executioner ca

• The accumulation of oxidized low density lipoprotein oxLDL i

  2024-12-06

  

  The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the many causes of the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Virmani et al., 2002; Pirillo et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Tabas, 2010). oxLDL-induced apoptosis of macrophages contributes to the forma

• S63845 receptor A next series of experiments explored whethe

  2024-12-06

  

  A next series of experiments explored whether cardiac Ampkα1 S63845 receptor is modified in response to pressure overload imposed by TAC. As a result, 2weeks of TAC treatment significantly increased Ampkα1 protein abundance in cardiac tissue from Ampkα1+/+ mice as compared to sham treated mice (Fig.

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